The Fisher Cats Band

List. Mustela pennantii, 1777. Mustela canadensis Schreber, 1788. Mustela melanorhyncha Boddaert, 1784. Mustela zibellina nigra Kerr, 1792.

Viverra piscator Shaw, 1800. Viverra canadensis Shaw, 1800.

Tickets and RSVP information for Diamond Edge Band's upcoming concert at Fisher Cats Delta Dental Stadium in Manchester on Feb 25,.

Mustela nigra Turton, 1802. Mustela piscatoria Lesson, 1827. Martes pennantii Smith, 1843. Martes pennanti Coues, 1877The fisher ( Pekania pennanti) is a small, carnivorous mammal native to. It is a member of the family (commonly referred to as the family), and is in the monospecific genus Pekania. The fisher is closely related to, but larger than, the ( Martes americana). The fisher is a forest-dwelling creature whose range covers much of the in to the northern United States.

Names derived from languages include pekan, pequam, wejack, and woolang. It is sometimes misleadingly referred to as a fisher cat, although it is not a.Males and females look similar. Adult males are 90 to 120 cm (35–47 in) long and weigh 3.5 to 6.0 kilograms (8–13 lb). Adult females are 75 to 95 cm (30–37 in) long and weigh 2.0 to 2.5 kg (4–6 lb). The fur of the fisher varies seasonally, being denser and glossier in the winter. During the summer, the color becomes more mottled, as the fur goes through a cycle.

The fisher prefers to hunt in full forest. Although an agile climber, it spends most of its time on the forest floor, where it prefers to forage around fallen trees. An, the fisher feeds on a wide variety of small animals and occasionally on fruits and mushrooms. It prefers the and is one of the few animals able to prey successfully on. Despite its common name, it rarely eats fish.The reproductive cycle of the fisher lasts almost a year. Female fishers give birth to a litter of three or four kits in the spring.

They nurse and care for their kits until late summer, when they are old enough to set out on their own. Females enter shortly after giving birth and leave the den to find a mate. Implantation of the is until the following spring, when they give birth and the cycle is renewed.Fishers have few predators besides humans. They have been since the 18th century for their fur. Their pelts were in such demand that they were from several parts of the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Conservation and protection measures have allowed the species to rebound, but their current range is still reduced from its historic limits.

In the 1920s, when pelt prices were high, some attempted to raise fishers. However, their unusual delayed reproduction made breeding difficult. When pelt prices fell in the late 1940s, most fisher farming ended. While fishers usually avoid human contact, encroachments into forest habitats have resulted in some conflicts. Contents.Etymology Despite the name 'fisher', the animal is not known to eat fish. The name is instead related to the word 'fitch', meaning a ( Mustela putorius) or pelt thereof, due to the resemblance to that animal.

The name comes from colonial Dutch equivalent fisse or visse. In the French language, the pelt of a polecat is also called fiche or fichet.In some regions, the fisher is known as a pekan, derived from its name in the. Wejack is an Algonquian word (cf. Wuchak, otchock, ojiig) borrowed by fur traders. Other American Indian names for the fisher are thacho and chunihcho, both meaning 'big marten', and uskool.

Taxonomy. Skull diagramThe Latin specific name pennanti honors, who described the fisher in 1771. Had first described the creature in 1765, calling it a pekan.

Pennant examined the same specimen, but called it a fisher, unaware of Buffon's earlier description. Other 18th-century scientists gave it similar names, such as, who named it Mustela canadensis, and, who named it Mustela melanorhyncha.

The fisher was eventually placed in the genus Martes by Smith in 1843. In 2008, advances in DNA analysis allowed a more detailed study of the fisher's evolutionary history. The fisher and the genus Martes were determined to have, but the fisher was distinct enough to put it in. It was decided to create the genus Pekania and reclassify the fisher as Pekania pennanti.Members of the genus Pekania are distinguished by their four premolar teeth on the upper and lower jaws. Its close relative Mustela has just three. The fisher has 38 teeth. The formula is: 3.1.4.1 2.1.4.2 Evolution Some evidence shows that ancestors of the fisher migrated to North America during the era between 2.5 and 5.0 million years ago.

Two extinct mustelids, M. Palaeosinensis and M. Anderssoni, have been found in eastern Asia. The first true fisher, M. Diluviana, has only been found in North America. Diluviana is strongly indicated to be related to the Asian finds, which suggests a migration.

Pennanti has been found as early as the era, about 125,000 years ago. No major differences are seen between the Pleistocene fisher and the modern fisher. Fossil evidence indicates that the fisher's range extended farther south than it does today.Three were identified by Goldman in 1935, M. Columbiana, M. Pacifica, and M.

Later research has debated whether these subspecies could be positively identified. In 1959, E.M.

Hagmeier concluded that the subspecies are not separable based on either fur or skull characteristics. Although some debate still exists, in general, the fisher is recognized to be a species with no extant subspecies.

Biology and behavior Physical characteristics. Fisher in winter coatFishers are a medium-sized mammal, comparable in size to the domestic.

Their bodies are long, thin, and low to the ground. The sexes have similar physical features, but they are in size, with the male being much larger than the female.

Males are 90 to 120 cm (35–47 in) in length and weigh 3.5 to 6.0 kg (8–13 lb). Females measure 75 to 95 cm (30–37 in) and weigh 2.0 to 2.5 kg (4–6 lb). The largest male fisher ever recorded weighed 9 kg (20 lb).The fisher's changes with the season and differs slightly between sexes. Males have coarser coats than females. In the early winter, the coats are dense and glossy, ranging from 30 mm (1 in) on the chest to 70 mm (3 in) on the back. The color ranges from deep brown to black, although it appears to be much blacker in the winter when contrasted with white snow. From the face to the shoulders, fur can be hoary-gold or silver due to tricolored guard hairs.

The underside of a fisher is almost completely brown except for randomly placed patches of white or cream-colored fur. In the summer, the fur color is more variable and may lighten considerably. Fishers undergo starting in late summer and finishing by November or December.Fishers have five toes on each foot, with unsheathed, retractable claws. Their feet are large, making it easier for them to move on top of snow packs. In addition to the toes, four central pads are on each foot. On the hind paws are coarse hairs that grow between the pads and the toes, giving them added traction when walking on slippery surfaces. Fishers have highly mobile ankle joints that can rotate their hind paws almost 180°, allowing them to maneuver well in trees and climb down head-first.

The fisher is one of relatively few mammalian species with the ability to descend trees head-first.A circular patch of hair on the central pad of their hind paws marks glands that give off a distinctive odor. Since these patches become enlarged during breeding season, they are likely used to make a scent trail to allow fishers to find each other so they can mate. Hunting and diet Fishers are generalist predators.

Although their primary prey is and, they are also known to supplement their diet with insects, nuts, berries, and mushrooms. Since they are solitary hunters, their choice of prey is limited by their size. Analyses of stomach contents and scat have found evidence of birds, small mammals, and even deer—the latter two indicating that they are not averse to eating. Fishers have been seen to feed on deer carcasses.

While the behavior is not common, fishers have been known to kill larger animals, such as, (although, in most cases, confrontations tend to be dominated by the cat, that frequently prey on them and in fact is one of their main predators). Researchers in have found 'about a dozen' cases of confirmed fisher predation on, and several more suspected cases, in a four township area of Maine. According to wildlife biologist Scott McClellan, the fishers involved in these kills attacked lynxs bedded down in snowstorms with a quick 'powerful grip' bite to the lynx's neck. Signs of struggle indicated that some lynxs attempted to defend themselves but McClellan states that 'the fishers would finish the cats off pretty quickly. 'There was some struggle certainly, but it didn’t appear to last very long. There were some broken branches, tufts of fur, and claw marks where the lynx was trying to get away.' The McClellan study in documents 14 fisher-caused mortalities of Canadian lynx from 1999 to 2011 in northern Maine, and found that predation was the leading source of mortality of lynx in the study area (18 deaths, 14 by fisher).Fishers are one of the few predators that seek out and kill porcupines.

Stories in popular literature indicate that fishers can flip a porcupine onto its back and 'scoop out its belly like a ripe melon'. This was identified as an exaggerated misconception as early as 1966. Observational studies show that fishers make repeated biting attacks on the face of a porcupine and kill it after about 25–30 minutes. Reproduction The female fisher begins to breed at about one year of age and her reproductive cycle is an almost year-long event. Takes place in late March to early April. Implantation is then for ten months until mid-February of the following year when active pregnancy begins. After gestating for about 50 days, the female gives birth to one to four kits.

The female then enters estrus 7–10 days later and the breeding cycle begins again.Females den in hollow trees. Kits are born blind and helpless. They are partially covered with fine hair. Kits begin to crawl after about three weeks.

After about seven weeks, they open their eyes. They start to climb after eight weeks. Kits are completely dependent on their mother's milk for the first eight to ten weeks, after which they begin to switch to a solid diet. After four months, kits become intolerant of their litter mates, and at five months, the mother pushes them out on their own. After one year, juveniles will have established their own range. Social structure and home range Fishers are generally, being most active at dawn and dusk.

They are active year-round, and are solitary, associating with other fishers only for mating. Males become more active during mating season. Females are least active during pregnancy and gradually increase activity after birth of their kits.A fisher's hunting range varies from 6.6 km 2 (3 sq mi) in the summer to 14.1 km 2 (5 sq mi) in the winter.

Ranges up to 20.0 km 2 (8 sq mi) in the winter are possible depending on the quality of the habitat. Male and female fishers have overlapping territories.

This behavior is imposed on females by males due to dominance in size and a male's desire to increase mating success. Parasites Parasites of fishers include nematode, tapeworm, nematode sp., trematodes and, nematode, and sp. A fisher in the woods nearAlthough fishers are competent tree climbers, they spend most of their time on the forest floor and prefer continuous forest to other habitats. They have been found in extensive conifer forests typical of the boreal forest, but are also common in mixed-hardwood and conifer forests.

Fishers prefer areas with continuous overhead cover with greater than 80% coverage and avoid areas with less than 50% coverage. Fishers are more likely to be found in old-growth forests. Since female fishers require moderately large trees for denning, forests that have been heavily logged and have extensive second growth appear to be unsuitable for their needs.Fishers also select for forest floors with large amounts of. In western forests, where fire regularly removes understory debris, fishers show a preference for woodland habitat. Fishers tend to avoid areas with deep snow.

Habitat is also affected by snow compaction and moisture content. Distribution. A fisher climbing a tree at nightFishers are widespread throughout the northern forests of North America. They are found in the boreal and mixed deciduous-coniferous forest belt that runs across Canada from Nova Scotia in the east to the Pacific shore of British Columbia and north to Alaska. They can be found as far north as in the and as far south as the mountains of Oregon. Isolated populations occur in the of California, throughout New England and the of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia.In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, fishers were virtually eliminated from the southern and eastern parts of their range, including most American states and eastern Canada including Nova Scotia.

Overtrapping and loss of forest habitat were the reasons for the decline.Most states had placed restrictions on fisher trapping by the 1930s, coincidental with the end of the logging boom. A combination of in abandoned farmlands and improved forest management practices increased available habitat and allowed remnant populations to recover.

Populations have since recovered sufficiently that the species is no longer endangered. Increasing forest cover in eastern North America means that fisher populations will remain sufficiently robust for the near future. Between 1955 and 1985, some states had allowed limited trapping to resume. In areas where fishers were eliminated, porcupine populations subsequently increased. Areas with a high density of porcupines were found to have extensive damage to timber crops. In these cases, fishers were reintroduced by releasing adults relocated from other places into the forest. Once the fisher populations became re-established, porcupine numbers returned to natural levels.

In Washington, fisher sightings were reported into the 1980s, but an extensive survey in the 1990s did not locate any.Scattered fisher populations now exist in the Pacific Northwest. In 1961, fishers from British Columbia and Minnesota were reintroduced in Oregon to the southern near and to the near. From 1977–1980, fishers were introduced to the region around.

Starting in January 2008, fishers were reintroduced into Washington State. The initial reintroduction was on the Olympic peninsula (90 animals), with subsequent reintroductions into the south Cascade Mountains. The reintroduced animals are monitored by radio collars and remote cameras, and have been shown to be reproducing. From 2008 to 2011, about 40 fishers were reintroduced in the northern Sierra Nevada near, complementing fisher populations in and along California's northern boundary between the and the. Fishers are a protected species in Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming.

In Idaho and California, fishers are protected through a closed trapping season, but they are not afforded any specific protection; however, in California the fisher has been granted threatened status under the. In June 2011, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recommended that fishers be removed from the endangered list in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming.Recent studies, as well as anecdotal evidence, show that fishers have begun making inroads into suburban backyards, farmland, and periurban areas in several US states and eastern Canada, as far south as most of northern, and, and even rural.

Having virtually disappeared after the construction of the in the early 1900s, some reports have shown that populations have become re-established on, although the populations are likely smaller than the populations in the western part of New England. Relationship with humans Fishers have had a long history of contact with humans, but most of it has been to the detriment of fisher populations. Unprovoked attacks on humans are extremely rare, but fishers will attack if they feel threatened or cornered. In one case, a fisher was blamed for an attack on a 6-year-old boy. In another case, a fisher is believed to be responsible for an attack on a 12-year-old boy.

Fur trade and conservation. Fisher pelts sold: 1920–1984Fishers have been trapped since the 18th century.

They have been popular with trappers due to the value of their fur, which has been used for scarves and neck pieces. It is reported that fisher tails were used in the making of, a form of ceremonial hat worn by Jews of certain sects.The best pelts are from winter trapping, with secondary-quality pelts from spring trapping.

The lowest-quality furs come from out-of-season trapping when fishers are moulting. They are easily trapped, and the value of their fur was a particular incentive for catching this species.Prices for pelts have varied considerably over the past 100 years. They were highest in the 1920s and 1930s, when average prices were about US$100. In 1936, pelts were being offered for sale in New York City for $450–750 per pelt. Prices declined through the 1960s, but picked up again in the late 1970s. In 1979, the paid $410 for one female pelt.

In 1999, 16,638 pelts were sold in Canada for C$449,307 at an average price of $27.Between 1900 and 1940, fishers were threatened with near extinction in the southern part of their range due to overtrapping and alterations to their habitat. In New England, fishers, along with most other furbearers, were nearly exterminated due to unregulated trapping. Fishers became extirpated in many northern U.S. States after 1930, but were still abundant enough in Canada to maintain a harvest over 3,000 fishers per year.

Limited protection was afforded in the early 20th century, but total protection was not given to the few remaining fishers until 1934. Closed seasons, habitat recovery, and reintroductions have restored fishers to much of their original range.Trapping resumed in the U.S. After 1962, once numbers had recovered sufficiently. During the early 1970s, the value of fisher pelts soared, leading to another population crash in 1976.

After a few years of closed seasons, fisher trapping reopened in 1979 with a shortened season and restricted bag limits. The population has steadily increased since then, with steadily increasing numbers of trapped animals, despite a much lower pelt value.

Captivity. Fisher fur pelt (dyed)Fishers have been captured live for, zoo specimens, and scientific research. From 1920–1946, pelt prices averaged about C$137. Since pelts were relatively valuable, attempts were made to raise fishers on farms.

Fur farming was popular with other species such as and, so the same techniques were thought to be applicable to fishers. However, farmers found it difficult to raise fishers due to their unusual reproductive cycle.

In general, knowledge of delayed implantation in fishers was unknown at the time. Farmers noted that females mated in the spring but did not give birth. Due to declining pelt prices, most fisher farms closed operations by the late 1940s.Fishers have also been captured and bred by zoos, but they are not a common zoo species. Fishers are poor animals to exhibit because, in general, they hide from visitors all day. Some zoos have had difficulty keeping fishers alive since they are susceptible to many diseases in captivity.

Yet at least one example shows a fisher kept in captivity that lived to be 10 years old, and another living to be about 14 years old, well beyond its natural lifespan of 7 years.In 1974, R.A. Powell raised two fisher kits for the purpose of performing scientific research. His primary interest was an attempt to measure the activity of fishers to determine how much food the animals required to function. He did this by running them through treadmill exercises that simulated activity in the wild.

He compared this to their food intake and used the data to estimate daily food requirements. The research lasted for two years. After one year, one of the fishers died due to unknown causes. The second was released back into the wilderness of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

Interactions with domestic animals. Fisher raiding a farmer's duck coopIn some areas, fishers can become pests to farmers when they raid chicken coops. Instances of fishers preying on cats and small dogs have been reported.

A 1979 study examined the stomach contents of all fishers trapped in the state of New Hampshire; cat hairs were found in only one of over 1,000 stomachs. An informal unfinished 2011 study in suburban upstate New York found no cat remains in 24 scat or stomach samples, and an earlier published study found no cat in 226 Massachusetts samples. Poisoning. Male fisher killed by anticoagulant rodenticide on a marijuana grow site on US Forest Service lands, southern Sierra Nevada mountainsIn 2012, a study conducted by the Integral Ecology Research Center, and the showed that fishers in California were exposed to and killed by anticoagulant rodenticides associated with marijuana cultivation.

In this study, 79% of fishers that were tested in California were exposed to an average of 1.61 different anticoagulant rodenticides and four fishers died directly attributed to these toxicants. A 2015 follow-up study building on these data determined that the trend of exposure and mortality from these toxicants increased to 85%, that California fishers were now exposed to an average of 1.73 different anticoagulant rodenticides, and that 9 more fishers died, bringing the total to 13. The extent of marijuana cultivation within fishers' home ranges was highlighted in a 2013 study focusing on fisher survival and impacts from marijuana cultivation within the Sierra National Forest.

Fishers had an average of 5.3 individual grow sites within their home range. One fisher had 16 individual grow sites within its territory.Literature One of the first mentions of fishers in literature occurred in The Audubon Book of True Nature Stories. Robert Snyder relates a tale of his encounter with fishers in the woods of the Adirondack Mountains of New York. He recounts three sightings, including one where he witnessed a fisher attacking a porcupine.In Winter of the Fisher, Cameron Langford relates a fictional encounter between a fisher and an aging recluse living in the forest. The recluse frees the fisher from a trap and nurses it back to health.

The fisher tolerates the attention, but being a wild animal, returns to the forest when well enough. Langford uses the ecology and known habits of the fisher to weave a tale of survival and tolerance in the northern woods of Canada.Fishers are mentioned in several other books, including The Blood Jaguar (an animal shaman), Ereth's Birthday (a porcupine hunter) and in, where a fisher is thought to have been caught in a trap. Helgen, K.; Reid, F. 2018: e.T36220. Retrieved March 8, 2020. Mass Audubon.

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Coues, p. 66. Powell, pp. 11–12. Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Deere, Kerry A; Slater, Graham J; Begg, Colleen; Begg, Keith; Grassman, Lon; Lucherini, Mauro; Veron, Geraldine; Wayne, Robert K (February 14, 2008). 6 (10): 10.

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Past cure trailer. In doing so they crafted a plot that is never predictable, but still manages to stay “coherent and resonant”.As is sometimes the case with games with a heavy focus on story, the gameplay can feel like it has been an afterthought.

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McLellan, Scott R.; Vashon, Jennifer H.; Johnson, Erica L.; Crowley, Shannon M.; Vashon, Adam D. 'Fisher predation on Canada lynx in the Northeastern United States'. Journal of Wildlife Management. 82 (8): 1775–8. Doyle, Brian (March 6, 2006). High Country News. Retrieved April 28, 2010.

Coulter, M.W. Ecology and management of fishers in Maine.

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Retrieved August 21, 2016. Gabriel, Mourad W.; Woods, Leslie W.; Poppenga, Robert; Sweitzer, Rick A.; Thompson, Craig; Matthews, Sean M.; Higley, J. Mark; Keller, Stefan M.; Purcell, Kathryn (July 13, 2012). 7 (7): e40163. Gabriel, Mourad W.; Woods, Leslie W.; Wengert, Greta M.; Stephenson, Nicole; Higley, J.

Mark; Thompson, Craig; Matthews, Sean M.; Sweitzer, Rick A.; Purcell, Kathryn (November 4, 2015). 10 (11): e0140640. ^ Thompson, Craig; Sweitzer, Richard; Gabriel, Mourad; Purcell, Kathryn; Barrett, Reginald; Poppenga, Robert (March 1, 2014). Conservation Letters. 7 (2): 91–102. Snyder, Robert G.

Terres JK (ed.). The Audubon Book of True Nature Stories. Crowell Company, New York. Pp. 205–9.

Langford, Cameron (1971). Winter of the Fisher. Macmillan of Canada Company, Toronto, Ontario. Payne, Michael H.

Tor, New York. Avi (2000). Ereth's Birthday. HarperCollins, New York. Speare, Elizabeth George (1983). The Sign of the Beaver. Bantam Doubleday Dell Books for Young Readers, New York.Further reading.

Coues, Elliott (1877). Department of the Interior (US).

Retrieved October 21, 2011. Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C.; Chapman, Joseph A. Retrieved October 21, 2011. Fergus, Charles (2006). Stackpole Books.

Retrieved October 21, 2011. Hodgson, Robert G. Fisher Farming. Fur Trade Journal of Canada.

Powell, Roger A. (November 1993). The Fisher: Life History, Ecology, and Behavior. University of Minnesota Press. Buskirk, Steven W.; Harestad, Alton S.; Raphael, Martin G.; Powell, Roger A.

Martens, sables, and fishers: biology and conservation. Comstock Publishing Associates.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.

Arkive.org. Online community of fisher cat sightings, sounds, and videos.

Texts on Wikisource:.

.Years active1967 ( 1967)–1977 ( 1977), 1991 ( 1991)–presentLabels, (US),Associated actsMembersPast membersDave ColquhounProcol Harum ( ) is an English band formed in 1967. Their best-known recording is the 1967 hit single ', one of the few singles to have. Although noted for their and influence, Procol Harum's music is described as psychedelic rock and proto-progIn 2018, the band was honoured by the when 'A Whiter Shade of Pale' was inducted into the brand-new Singles category. Contents.History Origins, The Paramounts, early years and formation (1964–67) , based in, led by and and including and, scored a moderate British success in 1964 with their version of 's ', which reached number 35 in the. Unable to generate any follow-up success, the group disbanded in 1966.The Paramounts were signed to EMI UK for their releases; until one day before Procol Harum linked with EMI UK again, they were called The Pinewoods.

A last-minute offer from 's fledgling label was rejected by Brooker and band.In April 1967, Brooker began working as a singer-songwriter and formed Procol Harum with non-Paramounts (poet), guitarist Ray Royer and bassist., their original manager, named the band after a, which had been bred by Eleonore Vogt-Chapman and belonged to Liz Coombes. The cat's ' name was Procul, Procul being the breeder's prefix.In the absence of a definitive origin, the band's name has attracted various interpretations, being said to be (incorrect) for 'beyond these things'; the correct Latin would be procul hīs. The name of the band is frequently misspelled; often with 'Procul', 'Harem', both, or other variations.' A Whiter Shade of Pale', commercial success and debut album (1967). The group in late 1967At, southwest London, with drummer (and non-Paramount), producer and Keith Grant, the group recorded ', and it was released on 12 May 1967.

With a structure reminiscent of, a based on 's played by Fisher's, Brooker's vocals and Reid's lyrics, the single reached No. 1 on the and the chart. It did almost as well in the, reaching No. 5. In, it was No. 1 for many weeks, setting a record of 8 weeks in.After 'A Whiter Shade of Pale' became a hit, the band set out to consolidate its studio success by touring, with new official drummer added to the line-up; its live debut was opening for in 1967. The group's follow-up single, ', with a line-up change of former Paramounts on drums and on guitar (replacing Harrison and Royer, respectively, who exited to form the band Freedom), reached No. 6 in the UK, No. 15 in Canada, and No. 34 in the US.The group's was recorded between the two hit singles, and was released in early September in the US, but was held back until December 1967 in the UK. A series of singles charted poorly in the US and UK, though rarely both at the same time.Follow-up albums and break-up (1968–77) The band's follow-up album, was released the following year and saw a greater excursion into stylings.

Their third album, (1969), was very popular among fans and their first album to sell well in the UK. The title track in particular gained a good deal of US, and the album is now considered a rock classic, appealing to fans of,. However, one noted US writer previewed the LP and the story ran in print as 'A Salty Duck'.The group would have many subsequent personnel changes, the first being Fisher, who produced, departing the band soon after its release. The line-up for the first three albums was Brooker (piano and lead vocals), Trower (guitar and lead vocals), Fisher ( and lead vocals), Knights (bass), Wilson (drums), and Reid (lyricist). Former Paramount joined on organ and bass in 1970. The group appeared at the.

By 1971, the disparities in style had become too great and, after the release of the fifth album, Trower left to form his own band and was replaced. From late 1972 until 1977, the group's guitarist was Mick Grabham. In 1968 a bootleg live album In Concert 1968 was released but only in Germany - part of a series put out by the label Ariola that also included the bands Taste, etc.

Macan, Edward (2005). P. 78.; (1997). Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists. Hal Leonard Corporation. P. 78.British art rock groups such as the Nice, Yes, Genesis, ELP, King Crimson, the Moody Blues, and Procol Harum. UNT Digital Library.

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^ Strong, Martin C. The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. Pp. 776–777., p. 67. Retrieved 27 December 2014.

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Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. CN 5585.

^ Roberts, David (1998). London: Guinness Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 27 December 2014. Procol Harum. Retrieved 19 August 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.

Dr.dk (in Danish). 15 January 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2018.

France, Lisa Respers (4 October 2012). Retrieved 27 December 2014.

30 July 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2014.Sources. Johansen, Claes (2000). SAF Publishing Ltd.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.